Consumer price inflation, UK: June 2025

• The Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers’ housing costs (CPIH) rose by 4.1% in the 12 months to June 2025, up from 4.0% in the 12 months to May. 

• On a monthly basis, CPIH rose by 0.3% in June 2025, compared with a rise of 0.2% in June 2024. 

• The Consumer Prices Index (CPI) rose by 3.6% in the 12 months to June 2025, up from 3.4% in the 12 months to May. 

• On a monthly basis, CPI rose by 0.3% in June 2025, compared with a rise of 0.1% in June 2024. 

• Transport, particularly motor fuels, made the largest upward contribution to the monthly change in both CPIH and CPI annual rates; housing and household services, particularly owner occupiers' housing costs, made a large, partially offsetting, downward contribution in CPIH. 

• Core CPIH (CPIH excluding energy, food, alcohol, and tobacco) rose by 4.3% in the 12 months to June 2025, up slightly from 4.2% in the 12 months to May; the CPIH goods annual rate rose from 2.0% to 2.4%, while the CPIH services annual rate eased slightly from 5.3% to 5.2%. 

• Core CPI (CPI excluding energy, food, alcohol, and tobacco) rose by 3.7% in the 12 months to June 2025, up from 3.5% in the 12 months to May; the CPI goods annual rate rose from 2.0% to 2.4%, while the CPI services annual rate was unchanged at 4.7%.

The Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers’ housing costs (CPIH) rose by 4.1% in the 12 months to June 2025, up from 4.0% in the 12 months to May (Figure 1). 

On a monthly basis, CPIH rose by 0.3% in June 2025, compared with a rise of 0.2% in June 2024. 

The owner occupiers' housing (OOH) costs component of CPIH rose by 6.4% in the 12 months to June 2025. This is down from 6.7% in the 12 months to May, returning to the levels seen in spring 2024. OOH costs rose by 0.3% on the month, compared with a 0.6% increase a year earlier. 

The Consumer Prices Index (CPI) rose by 3.6% in the 12 months to June 2025, up from 3.4% in the 12 months to May. The June 2025 figure was the highest recorded since January 2024, when the rate was 4.0%. 

On a monthly basis, CPI rose by 0.3% in June 2025, compared with a rise of 0.1% in June 2024. 

The main drivers of the annual inflation rate for CPIH and CPI are the same where they are common to both measures. However, the OOH costs component accounts for approximately 17% of the CPIH and is the main driver for differences between the CPIH and CPI inflation rates. This makes CPIH our most comprehensive measure of inflation. We cover this in more detail in Section 4: Latest movements in CPIH inflation and provide a commentary on the CPI in Section 5: Latest movements in CPI inflation. We also cover both CPIH and CPI in Section 3: Notable movements in prices, though the figures reflect CPIH.

Figure 2 shows the contributions from the 12 divisions to the change in the annual Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH) inflation rate between May and June 2025. These sum to the change in the annual rate between the latest two months, that is, the rise from 4.0% to 4.1%. 

The slight increase in the rate into June 2025 reflected upward contributions from seven divisions, partially offset by downward contributions from three divisions. The largest upward contribution came from transport, particularly motor fuels. This was partially offset by a large downward contribution from housing and household services, particularly owner occupiers' housing costs. 

Transport 

Prices in the transport division rose overall by 1.7% in the 12 months to June 2025, up from 0.7% in the 12 months to May (Figure 3). On a monthly basis, prices rose by 0.7% in June 2025, compared with a fall of 0.2% a year ago. 

The rise in the annual rate reflected a large upward effect from motor fuels. The average price of petrol fell by 0.5 pence per litre between May and June 2025, compared with a larger fall of 3.0 pence per litre between May and June 2024. The average price stood at 131.9 pence per litre in June 2025, down from 145.8 pence per litre a year earlier. 

Similarly, diesel prices fell by 0.6 pence per litre in June 2025, compared with a fall of 4.8 pence per litre in June 2024. The average price stood at 138.5 pence per litre in June 2025, down from 151.5 pence per litre a year earlier. These movements resulted in overall motor fuel prices falling by 9.0% in the 12 months to June 2025, compared with a larger fall of 10.9% in the 12 months to May.

There were also upward effects from air fares, rail fares, and maintenance and repair of personal transport equipment. 

Air fares rose by 7.9% between May and June 2025, compared with a rise of 3.2% between May and June 2024. Fares usually rise in June, but the increase this year was the largest June rise since 2018. This resulted in a 12-month rate of 0.5% in June 2025. The upward effect came from long-haul and European routes. 

Rail fares rose between May and June 2025 but fell a year ago, particularly for international routes. Maintenance and repair prices rose this year by more than a year ago, with the upward effect coming from roadside recovery services. 

Clothing and footwear 

Clothing and footwear prices rose by 0.5% in the 12 months to June 2025, compared with a fall of 0.3% in the 12 months to May. The 12-month rate has fluctuated between positive and negative during 2025 and has turned positive again following two consecutive negative readings.

On a monthly basis, prices fell by 0.4% between May and June 2025, compared with a larger fall of 1.2% a year ago. These price movements reflected changes in the proportion of discounted prices in the datasets. This proportion rose between May and June 2025, but by less than between May and June 2024. 

The rise in the 12-month rate was the result of small upward effects across a wide range of clothing and footwear. 

Food and non-alcoholic beverages 

The 12-month inflation rate for food and non-alcoholic beverages was 4.5% in June 2025. This was the third consecutive increase in the rate. It is the highest recorded since February 2024, but is well below the peak seen in early 2023 (Figure 4). On a monthly basis, food and non-alcoholic beverages prices rose by 0.3% in June 2025, compared with a rise of 0.2% a year ago.

There were small upward effects to the change in the rate from 3 of the 11 food and non-alcoholic beverages classes, namely bread and cereals (particularly cakes), meat, and milk, cheese and eggs (mainly cheddar cheese). These were partially offset by small downward effects from the sugar, jam, syrups, chocolate and confectionery class (from chocolate products), and mineral waters, soft drinks and juices (from fruit juice). 

Housing and household services 

The 12-month inflation rate for housing and household services was 6.7% in June 2025, down from 6.9% in May. On a monthly basis, prices rose by 0.2% in June 2025, compared with a rise of 0.4% a year ago. 

The easing in the 12-month rate between May and June 2025 mainly reflected a downward effect from owner occupiers' housing (OOH) costs, which rose by 6.4% in the year to June 2025. This was down from 6.7% in the year to May 2025. The June figure was the lowest recorded since March 2024, when the rate was 6.3%.

Figure 5 shows the 12-month inflation rates for the Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH) series for all goods and all services, together with CPIH excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco (often referred to as core CPIH). The CPIH inflation rate is added for comparison. 

The CPIH all goods index rose by 2.4% in the 12 months to June 2025, up from 2.0% in the 12 months to May. This is the highest rate since October 2023, when it was 2.9%. The largest upward contributions to the change in the annual rate came from energy (mainly motor fuels) and non-energy industrial goods (particularly clothing and footwear goods, and recreational goods).

The CPIH all services index rose by 5.2% in the 12 months to June 2025, down from 5.3% in the 12 months to May. This is the lowest rate seen since January 2023. The largest downward contribution to the change in the annual rate came from housing services, particularly owner occupiers' housing costs. This was partially offset by an upward contribution from travel and transport services.

The core CPIH annual inflation rate was 4.3% in June 2025, up from 4.2% in May.

Figure 6 shows the extent to which the distinct categories of goods and services have contributed to the overall annual CPIH inflation rate over the latest two years. The contribution of each category to the annual rate depends on the price movement in that category and its weight, which is updated annually. 

The contributions from all divisions to the annual CPIH inflation rate were positive in June 2025. The largest positive contribution came from housing and household services. This contributed 1.97 percentage points, down from 2.04 percentage points in May.

The contribution from food and non-alcoholic beverages rose from 0.40 to 0.41 percentage points between May and June 2025. This was the largest contribution from this division since February 2024. The 0.05 percentage point contribution from furniture and household goods was the largest upward contribution since December 2023, when it was 0.14 percentage points. 

The contribution of 0.29 percentage points from restaurants and hotels was the smallest since July 2021, when it was 0.10 percentage points.

Figure 7 shows the contributions from owner occupiers' housing (OOH) costs and Council Tax to the annual CPIH inflation rate in the context of wider housing-related costs. The Consumer Prices Index (CPI) differs from the CPIH because it does not include these two components. 

The annual contribution from OOH costs continued to slow, to 1.06 percentage points in June 2025. This follows a recent high of 1.31 percentage points in January 2025. 

There was a small reduction in the contribution from actual rentals for housing, while other components' contributions changed little in June.

While the Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH) is our lead and most comprehensive measure of consumer price inflation, the Consumer Prices Index (CPI) is based on a harmonised methodology developed by Eurostat. This enables international comparisons to be drawn. More information on the use cases for our consumer price inflation statistics can be found in our Measuring changing prices and costs for consumers and households: December 2023 article. 

Figure 8 shows annual CPI inflation for the UK, compared with the EU average and selected G7 countries. While the UK CPI is produced on a comparable basis with EU countries, the US Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) differs in some respects (see Note 1 to Figure 8). 

The UK CPI inflation rate of 3.6% was above the first (or "flash") estimate of inflation for France (0.8%) and Germany (2.0%) in June 2025.

Figure 9 shows the 12-month inflation rates for the CPI all goods and all services series, together with CPI excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco (often referred to as core CPI). The headline CPI inflation rate is added for comparison. 

The CPI all goods index rose by 2.4% in the 12 months to June 2025, up from 2.0% in the 12 months to May. This is the highest rate since October 2023, when it was 2.9%. 

The CPI all services index rose by 4.7% in the 12 months to June 2025, unchanged from May. 

Core CPI rose by 3.7% in the 12 months to June 2025, up from 3.5% in the 12 months to May. 

As with the all-items annual inflation rates, the drivers of CPIH and CPI goods and services inflation are the same (except for owner occupiers' housing (OOH) costs and Council Tax, which are excluded from CPI). The drivers are discussed in more detail in Section 4: Latest movements in CPIH inflation.

Figure 10 shows how each of the main groups of goods and services contributed to the change in the annual CPI inflation rate between May and June 2025. 

The increase in the rate into June 2025 reflected upward contributions from seven divisions, partially offset by downward contributions from three divisions. The largest upward contribution came from transport. There were no large, offsetting downward contributions. 

Though the sizes of the contributions differ from CPIH, the main drivers to the change are the same where they are common to both measures.

Figure 11 shows the extent to which the distinct categories of goods and services have contributed to the overall annual CPI inflation rate over the last two years. 

The CPIH includes extra housing components not included in the CPI. This can sometimes result in the largest contributions to the annual CPI and CPIH inflation rates coming from different divisions. However, in June 2025, the housing and household services division made the largest contribution to both measures, with a 0.95 percentage point contribution to the CPI rate and 1.97 percentage points to the CPIH rate. OOH costs made a large upward contribution to housing and household services in the CPIH, but are excluded from the CPI.

Annual inflation rate 

The most common approach to measuring inflation is the 12-month or annual inflation rate, which compares prices for the latest month with the same month a year ago. In any given month, the annual rate is determined by the balance between upward and downward price movements across the range of goods and services included in the index. 

Consumer price inflation 

Consumer price inflation is the rate at which the prices of goods and services bought by households rise or fall. It is estimated by using price indices. For an overview of the range of indices available and their uses, please see our Consumer price indices, a brief guide: 2017 and our Measuring changing prices and costs for consumers and households: December 2023 article. 

CPIH 

The Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH) is the most comprehensive measure of inflation. It extends the Consumer Prices Index (CPI) to include a measure of the costs associated with owning, maintaining and living in one's own home, known as owner occupiers' housing (OOH) costs, along with Council Tax. Both are significant expenses for many households and are not included in the CPI. 

CPI 

The CPI is a measure of consumer price inflation produced to international standards, and is based on European regulations for the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices. The CPI is the inflation measure used in the government's target for inflation. 

The CPI is produced at the same level of detail as the CPIH in our accompanying dataset and accompanying data time series. 

Owner occupiers' housing costs 

OOH costs are the costs of housing services associated with owning, maintaining and living in one's own home. 

RPI 

The Retail Prices Index (RPI) does not meet the required standard for designation as an accredited official statistic. In recognition that it continues to be widely used in contracts, we continue to publish the RPI, its subcomponents, and RPI excluding mortgage interest payments (RPIX). To view the all-items RPI, please see the data time series section of the Inflation and price indices area of our website. The annual RPI inflation rate was 4.4% in June 2025. 

The UK Statistics Authority (The Authority) and HM Treasury launched a consultation in 2020 on The Authority's proposal to address the shortcomings of the RPI. From 2030 (at the earliest), as outlined in The Authority's response to the consultation, the CPIH methods and data sources will be introduced into the RPI. Additionally, the supplementary and lower-level indices of the RPI will be discontinued.

Alternative data sources 

We are undertaking a programme of transformation across our consumer price statistics, including identifying new sources, improving methods and developing systems. Our Transformation of consumer price statistics: August 2024 article, published on 6 August 2024, contains more information about the project and our ongoing transformation plans. We also published our Consumer prices development plan: updated August 2024 to outline the rationale for our priorities and their potential impact. 

The next planned improvement is the introduction of grocery scanner data into our consumer price statistics from February 2026, with the first publication scheduled for March 2026. We outlined this change in our series of research articles, published on 29 April 2025, including our Research and developments in the transformation of UK consumer price statistics: April 2025 article.

As usual, we welcome your feedback on our work. To contact us, please email cpi@ons.gov.uk. 

Moving from sample items to broader consumption segments 

The "All items" Consumer Prices Index (CPI) and Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH) series incorporate price information from a wide range of goods and services. From March 2025, the process for aggregating this detailed information has changed, as a necessary step towards incorporating larger and more granular datasets into the consumer price indices. 

Goods and services are allocated into "consumption segments" for different categories of expenditure. In some cases, we have currently defined these consumption segments to correspond to one "item" for which we track prices over time. However, in cases where more comprehensive source data are available, or are expected to be available in the future, a consumption segment typically includes much more than just one item. For simplicity, we continue to refer to "items" in the statistical bulletin and detailed briefing note. More detailed methodological information on the new aggregation process and consumption segments is available in Introducing alternative data into consumer price statistics: aggregation and weights article. 

Please note that the move from sample items to broader consumption segments means there is an impact on the individual price quotes and lower-level indices published from March 2025 in our Consumer price inflation consumption segment indices and price quotes dataset. These outputs have been updated and presented in an improved format to help users transition to the use of consumption segments and other methodological changes. 

We have published an updated glossary (XLSX, 25KB), which sets out the changes made from March 2025. 

Households and the cost of living 

To assist individuals in understanding how the rise in inflation affects their expenditure, we have produced a personal inflation calculator. The calculator allows users to enter the amount they spend across either a reduced or a wide range of categories, to produce an estimate of their personal inflation based on those spending patterns. 

Our Shopping prices comparison tool shows how the average prices of items have changed over time. Please note that the newly introduced consumption segments for food, drinks and tobacco will not have data before 2025 in the tool. However, the historical average prices for food, drinks and tobacco items, that were on the tool before the update in 2025, can be found in our Shopping prices comparison tool data download before the 2025 update. 

Please also note that Table 55 in our Consumer price inflation tables dataset, which provided time series of prices for petrol and diesel, has not been published from 26 March and the two series have been discontinued. Historical average prices are still available from the time series explorer function on our website using the four-character identifiers CZMK for petrol and CZML for diesel. 

On 29 May 2025, we published our quarterly Household Costs Indices (HCIs) for UK household groups bulletin. The HCIs reflect how different types of households experience changing prices, and differ from CPIH and CPI. The CPIH and CPI are based on recognised economic principles, and provide an aggregate measure of inflation for household spending in the UK. 

The HCIs are official statistics in development and this release included new estimates for January to March 2025. The data in this release have been updated using 2024 weights leading to some minor revisions in previously published comparisons. It was not possible for this latest release to update the weights for 2025 in line with the standard methodology for consumer prices. This is because of delays in processing the underlying survey data and the need for further ongoing quality assurance. Instead, the most recent estimates have been compiled using the weights for February to December 2024. We aim to update the weights in due course. 

Passenger transport by air 

We previously published a monthly index for passenger transport by air. We are also publishing domestic, European and long-haul airfares consumer prices sub-indices and weights on an annual basis from 26 March 2025. These are being released in the user requested data section of our website.

Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (COICOP) 

The Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (COICOP) is the classification that underpins some of the main statistics that we produce. The classification has seen a substantial update (PDF, 2.51MB) in recent years, to reflect changes in household expenditure patterns since its inception in the late 1990s. The UK currently uses the version of COICOP introduced in 1999. 

We will ensure that the new classification is implemented in a comprehensive and reliable manner that considers other Office for National Statistics (ONS) priorities around the transformation of our main statistics. To meet this objective, we will aim to introduce the new classification (COICOP 2018) as soon as possible, as part of our wider plans to implement the updated System of National Accounts (SNA25). However, this is likely to be later than the date for implementation in some other countries. We will share our implementation plan as soon as we can. 

For further information, please email cpi@ons.gov.uk. 

Weights for 2025 consumer price inflation statistics 

In line with usual practice at the start of each year, the expenditure weights used in compiling the CPIH and CPI were calculated using updated spending information. The first update of weights was implemented with the January indices. The second update was introduced, along with the usual basket update, with the February indices released in March. We published our Consumer price inflation, updating weights: 2025 article and our Consumer price inflation basket of goods and services: 2025 article on 18 March 2025. 

The 2025 weights for CPIH and CPI were calculated using national accounts household final consumption expenditure (HHFCE) data for 2023. This is in line with our standard methodology of using data lagged by two years. It differs from the approach used in 2021, 2022 and 2023, when there were large changes seen in spending patterns because of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Over those years, we adjusted the spending data so that, for example, the resulting weights for 2023 were more reflective of spending in 2022. More information is available in our Consumer price inflation, updating weights articles. 

The weights for the RPI were also updated for 2025 in line with the practice followed both before and during the pandemic period. This was with no additional adjustment to the spending data because of any coronavirus effects. 

In line with the improvements introduced last year, we now use unrounded weights in compiling CPIH and CPI. The weights before 2024 for the CPI and CPIH were rounded to integers as parts per thousand of the all-items indices at the class level (4-digit COICOP). The RPI continues to be based on integer weights. 

Consumer price inflation historical estimates, UK, 1950 to 1988 

On 18 May 2022, we published our Consumer price inflation, historical estimates, UK, 1950 to 1988 – methodology and our Consumer price inflation, historical estimates and recent trends, UK: 1950 to 2022 article. These include new estimates of CPIH and improved estimates of CPI for 1950 to 1988. These estimates (published in response to user need for a longer series) are indicative and are for analytical purposes only. They are not intended for official use and do not constitute part of the accredited official statistics series. 

Previously, in December 2018, we published our Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH) historical series: 1988 to 2004 article. This series is also not an accredited official statistic, reflecting the historical uncertainty around the backcasts. 

Methodology information 

The consumer price indices are normally based on prices collected from outlets around the country, supplemented by information collected centrally over the internet and by phone. The figures in this publication use data collected on or around 10 June 2025. 

An overview of consumer price statistics is given in our Consumer price indices, a brief guide: 2017. The concepts and methodologies underpinning the indices in more detail are covered in our Consumer Prices Indices Technical Manual, 2019. 

A comprehensive source of information on the CPIH, focusing on the approach to measuring owner occupiers' housing costs, is provided in our CPIH Compendium. 

Information on the users and uses of these statistics, and the characteristics of the different measures of inflation related to potential use, is included in our Users and uses of consumer price inflation statistics: July 2018 update methodology. 

Strengths and limitations 

We illustrated our approach to Measuring changing prices and costs for consumers and households most recently in December 2023 using three "use cases", and described how they relate to the measures published and under development. 

The three cases refer firstly to the CPIH as our lead measure of inflation based on economic principles. They also refer to the HCIs as a set of measures that reflect the change in costs and prices experienced by different households, and the RPI as a legacy measure that is required to meet existing user needs. The issues with the RPI are described in our Shortcomings of the RPI as a measure of inflation article.

Accredited official statistics 

These accredited official statistics were independently reviewed by the Office for Statistics Regulation in July 2017. They comply with the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics and should be labelled "accredited official statistics".